VATICAN CITY — The Vatican released an instruction with new norms for contemplative orders of nuns, encouraging cooperation among their monasteries and outlining procedures for communities left with only a few members.
The document, “Cor Orans” (“Praying Heart”) is a follow-up instruction on implementing Pope Francis’ 2016 document “Vultum Dei Quaerere” (“Seeking the Face of God”), which issued new rulings and mandates for monasteries of women around the world. According to the Vatican, safeguarding the identity and mission of contemplative women religious is the aim of both.
The pope charged the Vatican Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life with creating the new instruction, which fills legislative gaps left since Pope Pius XII’s apostolic constitution “Sponsa Christi,” from 1950, and facilitate carrying out the mandates in “Vultum Dei Quaerere.”
The instruction was released by the Vatican May 15 and went into immediate effect.
Archbishop Jose Rodriguez Carballo, secretary of the congregation, told reporters one of the most significant changes is requiring a monastery or contemplative community of women religious to have at least eight professed religious women in order to maintain their autonomy.
If that number drops to five professed religious, they lose the right to elect a superior, the Vatican congregation is informed of the situation and an ad hoc commission is formed to name an administrator, he said.
The outside intervention will asses whether the community’s difficulties are “temporary or irreversible” and, if temporary, help them overcome the problem so as to avoid their suppression, the archbishop said.
The instruction also details the roles, rights and responsibilities federations will have.
While “Sponsa Christi” encouraged communities to join a federation to avoid isolation and reap the benefits of communion and sharing, almost half of all monasteries haven’t joined any form of association or federation, said the congregation undersecretary, Cistercian Father Sebastiano Paciolla.
The ruling included a mandate that all monasteries are to be part of a federation with the aim of facilitating formation and meeting needs through sharing assets and exchanging members; however, a monastery can request an exception from the Vatican. The new instruction said monasteries have one year to comply until the dicastery assigns them a federation.
Father Paciolla said the documents don’t change the autonomy of the monasteries or the purpose of a federation, but are meant to bring “balance” to how they can better work together.
The federation’s president — elected by the federal assembly — can’t be a major superior, but she will be the co-visitator on canonical visits of communities in the federation. She can conduct her own visits when needed with another leader and financial administrator of the federation. The aim, Father Paciolla said, is to open up another channel of communication with the Vatican and foster dialogue and communion when it comes to oversight.
A priest will also be appointed by the dicastery to one or more federations as a “religious assistant” representing the Holy See at the federation.
Another significant change is giving the monastery’s major superior the authority to grant a cloistered nun permission to leave the premises for an absence of less than one year; previously, the Vatican had to grant such permission.
Formation programs for candidates of contemplative life must follow a specific itinerary along a set timeline and offer a minimum of nine years and a maximum of 12 years of initial formation.
Archbishop Rodriguez Carballo said the instructions, like Pope Francis’ document, are built on the responses received from a questionnaire sent to all contemplative women religious a few years ago.