VATICAN CITY — The ancient practice of orienting church buildings East to West — with the entrance facing West and the altar toward the East — was symbolic of the connection that exists between light and hope, Pope Francis said.

"What does it mean to be a Christian? It means looking toward the light, continuing to make a profession of faith in the light, even when the world is wrapped in the night and darkness," Pope Francis said Aug. 2 at his weekly general audience.

With temperatures moving toward a forecasted 100 degrees, the pope resumed his audiences indoors after a month's hiatus. He also resumed his series of audience talks about Christian hope.

He began by explaining how in ancient times the physical setting of a church building held symbolic importance for believers because the sun sets in the West, "where the light dies," but rises in the East, where "the dawn reminds us of Christ, the sun risen from on high."

In fact, he said, using the "language of the cosmos," it was customary to have those about to be baptized proclaim their renunciation of Satan facing West and their profession of faith in God facing East.

Pope Francis did not touch on the debate about whether priests should celebrate Mass facing East, with their backs to the people, but focused on light as a symbol of Christian hope.

"Christians are not exempt from the darkness, either external or even internal," he said. "They do not live outside the world, but because of the grace of Christ received though baptism, they are men and women who are 'oriented': they do not believe in the darkness, but in the light of day; they do not succumb to the night, but hope in the dawn; they are not defeated by death, but long for resurrection; they are not crushed by evil because they always trust in the infinite possibilities of goodness."

Receiving the light of Christ at baptism, he said, Christians are called to be true "Christophers" or Christ-bearers, "especially to those who are going through situations of mourning, desperation, darkness and hatred."

Christians who truly bear the light of Christ's hope, he said, can be identified by the light in their eyes and by their serenity "even on the most complicated days." 

Build communities that support positive change, pope tells youths

VATICAN CITY — Pope Francis urged young Brazilian Catholics to follow the example of Mary by courageously setting out to improve their society with love for the poor and a commitment to make real connections with other people.

Writing to young people concluding a three-year program of faith formation and social commitment, the pope asked them to "transform the 'networks' of your life — networks of friends, social networks, material and virtual networks — realities that are often divided, into something more meaningful: becoming a community, mission communities 'on the move,' communities that are the light and leaven of a more just and fraternal society."

The message, addressed to the young people who were gathered at the Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida July 29-30 for the 300th anniversary of the discovering of the Marian image, was released at the Vatican Aug. 1.

"The Virgin Mary is a precious example for the youth and an aid in the journey along the road of life," the pope said. Coming to that realization does not require great reflection, but just some time contemplating the image of Our Lady of Aparecida, which he said he did in 2007 during the Latin American bishops' meeting there and again in 2013 when he was in Brazil for World Youth Day.

"Amid the uncertainties and insecurities of daily life, amid the precariousness that situations of injustice create around you," he told the youths, "be certain of this: Mary is a sign of hope that will encourage you with a great missionary impulse. She knows the challenges in which you live. With her maternal attention and accompaniment, you will realize that you are not alone."

Strengthened in solid communities, "do not be afraid to risk and commit yourself to building a new society, permeating the social, political, economic and university environments with the force of the Gospel," the pope stated. "Do not be afraid to fight corruption and do not be seduced by it!"

— Cindy Wooden, Catholic News Service